Revisión sistemática de fuerza explosiva en miembros inferiores de futbolistas masculinos prepúber Systematic review of explosive strength in lower limbs of prepubescent male soccer players
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Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de estudios que examinan efectos y parámetros del entrenamiento pliométrico en la fuerza explosiva del tren inferior en futbolistas prepúberes entre el periodo 2015 – 2020. Métodos: la revisión se limitó a cinco criterios: periodo de publicación, edad límite de intervención, tipo de estudios, tipo de programas de entrenamiento, mediciones de fuerza explosiva en miembros inferiores. La información fue recogida de las bases de datos Pubmed, Spordiscus, Scince Direct y Dialnet. Para la búsqueda se utilizó las palabras clave inglesas plyometric training, jump, youth soccer, prepuberal, explosive strength. De un total de 465 estudios fueron analizados 21 artículos que cumplieron con criterios de elegibilidad. Los estudios se clasificaron en dos niveles de evidencia y dos de fuerza de recomendación. Resultados: los estudios indican que el entrenamiento pliométrico incrementa la fuerza explosiva del tren inferior en jugadores de fútbol prepúber medida en rangos de pequeño a moderado para pruebas de salto, sprint, pateo y agilidad. Se encontró parámetros de intervención como: duración (6-8 semanas), frecuencia semanal (2 veces), tipo de sesión (integrada), pausa entre sesión (48-72 horas), volumen por sesión (40-120 contactos), intensidad del ejercicio (máxima), series (1-3), repeticiones (6-15), pausa entre series (90 segundos), progresión de carga (creciente), volumen total (400-900 contactos). Conclusión: la información de esta revisión destaca el papel del entrenamiento pliométrico en el incremento de la fuerza explosiva en miembros inferiores de jugadores de fútbol prepúberes atendiendo a parámetros de diseño e intervención cuidadosamente seleccionados.
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