Biomechanical analysis of the javelin throw: Central American Major Athletics Championship 2022
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Abstract
The main objective of the javelin throw is to achieve the greatest distance, for which the technical gesture is divided into three phases: impulse, charge and discharge. Throughout these three phases there are several variables that condition sports performance, among which launch height, launch velocity, launch angle and angle of attack stand out. In a cross-sectional study (descriptive and correlational), the throwing of 8 female athletes who participated in the 2022 Central American Championship was achieved, with the objective of evaluating the conditioning variables of performance in the javelin throw compared to elite athletes. The mean distance achieved by the Central American pitchers (38.04 m ± 6.14 m) was 60.02% compared to the 2017 World Championship mean (63.37 m ± 2.35 m). Part of the difference can be attributed to the throwing speed, which, with a significance of 0.05 (P 0.000) was 7.46 m/s higher in 2017. Despite the existence of other variables that condition performance in the javelin throw female, throwing speed, especially its horizontal component, is the factor that most associates with the distance achieved.
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