La neurofenomenología en la segunda década del siglo XXI: una revisión sistemática
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La neurofenomenología se ha consolidado como un programa interdisciplinario de investigación, orientado a integrar la experiencia vivida en primera persona con hallazgos de estudios empíricos de la actividad del sistema nervioso. Objetivo: analizar la evidencia empírica reciente en neurofenomenología, identificando las principales líneas de investigación, las metodologías empleadas y las tendencias emergentes en la integración entre fenomenología, neurociencia y conciencia. Metodología: la revisión se desarrolló siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020. Los criterios de inclusión abarcaron estudios empíricos publicados entre 2021 y 2026, que integraran informes experienciales de primera persona con mediciones. La fuente de información fue la base de datos Web of Science (WoS), consultada entre el 1 de enero y el 20 de febrero de 2026 mediante el descriptor “Neurophenomenology”. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante el Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Los resultados se sintetizaron mediante una síntesis narrativa estructurada. Resultados: la búsqueda arrojó 443 registros, de los cuales 166 cumplieron el criterio temporal. 128 estudios fueron evaluados para elegibilidad y 15 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los hallazgos revelaron que las líneas de investigación emergentes se centran en meditación y autoconciencia; mind wandering, empatía y cognición social; hipnosis y dolor; así como psicopatología del self y estados alterados de conciencia, integrando técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. Discusión: aunque el campo continúa con una notable heterogeneidad metodológica, se observa una creciente consolidación empírica de la neurofenomenología como marco de investigación que articula la experiencia vivida en primera persona y la actividad neuronal en el estudio de la conciencia.
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