Evidencia empírica y desafíos de la efectividad del coaching: una revisión sistemática
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Introducción: en un contexto de transformación y creciente demanda de desarrollo humano, el coaching ha emergido como una herramienta clave, aunque con interrogantes aún abiertos sobre su efectividad y fundamentos teóricos. Objetivo: analizar la investigación sobre la efectividad del coaching en en contextos diversos, abordando sus aplicaciones a partir de la evidencia científica. Metodología: revisión sistemática, siguiendo la metodología PRISMA, de investigaciones publicadas en los últimos cinco años en la base de datos Web of Science. Se seleccionaron 25 estudios de campo que evaluaron intervenciones de coaching en contextos organizacionales, educativos y comunitarios. Resultados: la mayoría de los estudios empleó enfoques cuantitativos o mixtos, evidenciando mejoras significativas en variables como bienestar, autoconciencia, rendimiento, liderazgo, resiliencia y empoderamiento. Se destacaron también los efectos positivos del coaching virtual, el impacto del coaching asistido por inteligencia artificial y la importancia de la alianza coach-coachee. Conclusiones: se observa la necesidad de marcos conceptuales más robustos que integren dimensiones éticas, identitarias y contextuales. Aunque el coaching cuenta con respaldo empírico creciente, requiere una mayor claridad conceptual y una articulación más fuerte entre teoría y práctica para consolidarse como una intervención estratégica en contextos diversos.
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