Empirical Evidence and Challenges of Coaching Effectiveness: A Systematic Review
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Introduction: In a context of transformation and growing demand for human development, coaching has emerged as a key tool, although with questions still open about its effectiveness and theoretical foundations. Objective: To analyze research on the effectiveness of coaching in diverse contexts, addressing its applications based on scientific evidence. Methodology: Systematic review, following the PRISMA methodology, of research published in the last five years in the Web of Science database. We selected 25 field studies that evaluated coaching interventions in organizational, educational, and community contexts. Results: Most studies used quantitative or mixed approaches, showing significant improvements in variables such as well-being, self-awareness, performance, leadership, resilience and empowerment. The positive effects of virtual coaching, the impact of AI-assisted coaching, and the importance of the coach-coachee alliance were also highlighted. Conclusions: The need for more robust conceptual frameworks that integrate ethical, identity, and contextual dimensions is observed. Although coaching has growing empirical support, it requires greater conceptual clarity and a stronger articulation between theory and practice to consolidate itself as a strategic intervention in diverse contexts.
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